Discuss Anne Frank's Diary as a literary work Or Anne Frank's diary is a commentary on war and its terrible impact on human life. Comment. ||Or|| Analyse Anne Frank's diary as a literary piece of work.

Question.
Discuss Anne Frank's Diary as a literary work Or Anne Frank's diary is a commentary on war and its terrible impact on human life. Comment. [Dec-2009, Q.No.-6 (a)
                           Or
 Analyse Anne Frank's diary as a literary piece of work. [Dec-2010, Q.No.-6 (a)]

Answer. Anne Frank's Diary is a touching and beautifully written commentary on war and its terrible impact on human life.
It was written during the years 1942-1944. These years were the toughest times of World War II in Europe.

Though,a first person narrative which describes individual and personal experiences, one can hear in it the voice of over six million people affected by the  holocaust.

As a writer and humanist, she is the spokesperson of an age, while at the same time speaking to future generations about the folly of indifference.

Thus, her diary is a social, historical and literary document. Though a diary, one can read it like a good novel because it is able to sustain tension in the reader. Anne portrays the curious mental state of transformation from a child to an adult, which is both a universal and personal experience.
Her prose style is characterised by precision, confidence and tenseness. But what is most striking is her a valid historical document by the stunning honesty which makes her diary .

Anne is a master in characterisation and is able to portray the people around her with great psychological realism.

Occasionally, she becomes shrewd and cruel in her character analyses but these can be seen as part of the mood swings of adolescence.
But she is most critical and uncompromising in her analysis of herself.
The most endearing quality of the diary is Anne's self-introspection.
The reader is able to peep into the depths of the mind of a young girl living in great stress under extraordinary conditions.
Yet her cheerfulness and optimism, her perseverance and will power, her courage in speaking the truth, make her writing unique in itself.
Her prose style is also characterised by warmth and wit, sensitivity and humanity, all combining with vivid picturisation and psychological insight.
She wrote under the threat of death but her writing has immortalised her.
Anne Frank's diary is a fitting memorial to her fine spirit and offers a rich and rewarding experience in reading.
Today, Anne Erank's diary is considered a classic and has been translated into more than thirty-one languages, including Bengali and Malayalam. It has been published in thirty countries and has sold more than one million copies in hard cover alone. It has been adopted into numerous plays and films.
Anne Frank's wish "I want to go on living even after my death", has thus come literally true. She lives on through her diary.

FST-001 : FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Solved 2019 June Question Paper

FST-001 : FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Solved 2019 June Question Paper

BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAMME (BDP)
Term-End Examination June, 2019
FST-001 : FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Time:3 hours
Maximum Marks : 100
Note:(i) All questions of Section-A are compulsory
(ii) In Section-B and Section-C give answers as per instructions given.  
SECTION A Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s) given in the parentheses.
1. The book Siderius Nuntius was written by (Galileo Galilei/Kepler) 2. In the cultivation of pulses, crop management is more important than (seed variety/ nutrients) 3. A person becomes obese because of (constitution/excessivé intake (of energy) 4. FORTRAN is a language of  (Application software/System software)
5. Innovation of (mechanical gadgets for spinning and weaving/ mechanical clocks) led to Industrial Revolution.  
   
2. State if the following statements are true or false.
Justify your answers in one to three sentences for each question.
1. Planet Uranus is unique in Solar System.True 2. Life in Oceans is abundant around the margins of continents and islands. True 3. Ergonomics is the study of interaction of organisms with their environment.False 4. In nuclear fission the masses of resulting nuclei is exactly equal to the sum of masses of fusing nuclei. False
5. Steps in most food chains are limited to four or five True        

3.   Match the items in column-A with those given in column B       ( 10)
Column- A                                                 Column-B
( a )Ancient Greek idea
(v) Cosmozoa
b) Lucy Fossil ( c )Sunshine Vitamin Fossil (iv) Absorption of calcium (d) Edward Jenner (ii) Small pox vaccine
(e) Soil erosion Deforestation              
 
एप . एस . टी . - 001 ( Eng + Hindi ) | स्नातक उऩाधध कामक्रयभ ( फी . डी . ऩी . ) सत्ाॊत ऩयीऺा जून , 2019 एप . एस . टी . - 001 : विऻान औय प्रौद्मोधगकी भें आधाय ऩाठ्मक्रभ अधधकतभ अकॊ : 100 सभम : 3 घण्टे नोट : ( i ) खण्ड - क के सबी प्रश्न अननिामय हैं । ( ii ) खण्ड - ख औय खण्ड - ग भें ददए गए ननदेशों के अनुसाय प्रश्नों के उत्तय दीजजए । खण्ड - के ननम्नलरखखत रयक्त स्थानों की ऩूनतय कोष्ठकों भें से सही शब्द / 10 शब्दों से कीजजए ।
( a ) लसडरयमस ननदटमस नाभक ऩुस्तक प्रकालशत की गई । ( गैरीलरमो गैरीरी / कैऩरय ) ( b ) दारों को उगाने भें से ज्मादा कृवि व्मिस्था भहत्िऩूर्य है । ( िीज की ककस्भों / ऩोिक ) (c) एक व्मजक्त के कायर् भोटा होता हैं । ( शायीरयक फनािट / अधधक ऊजाय ग्रहर् ) ( d ) पोटून _ की बािा है । ( एप्रीकेशन सॉफ्टिेमय / लसस्टभ सॉफ्टिेमय ) ( e ) के तकनीकी आविष्कायों से औद्मोधगक क्राॊनत की शुरुआत हुई । ( कताई औय फुनाई के माॊत्रत्क उऩकयर्ों / माॊत्रत्क घड़िमों )  

2 . ननम्नलरखखत कथन सही हैं मा गरत फताइए । अऩने उत्तय के 20 सही मा गरत होने का कायर् एक से तीन िाक्मों भें फताइए । ( a ) मुयेनस सौय भण्डर भें एक अनोखा ग्रह है । सही ( b ) भहासागयों भें भहाद्िीऩों औय द्िीऩों के आस - ऩास जीिन प्रचुय भात्ा भें होता है । सही ( c ) जीिों की ऩमायियर् से ऩयस्ऩय कक्रमाओॊ के अध्ममन को श्रभ दऺता शास्त् कहते हैं । गरत ( d ) नालबकीम विखडॊन भें फनने िारे नालबकों का द्रव्मभान जु़िते हुए नालबकों के सॊमुक्त द्रव्मभान के फयाफय होता है । गरत (e ) अधधकतय आहाय श्रृॊखराओॊ भें चाय मा ऩाॉच चयर् ही होते हैं । सही          
  

Origins and Rise Of The Novel

What is novel?

The novel owes its name to Italian word novella meaning a tale or a piece of news.

The novel is called roman in French and is derived from the word romance.

Origins and Rise Of The Novel

There are two ancestors of the novel.

  1 Epic Is one.

Epic is a long narrative poem about the deeds of brave warriors and heroes who are “larger than life”.

Eg The Ramayna, The Mahabharata.

The epic poem has a heroic story to narrate and incorporates within it the myth, the legend , folk tales as well as history.Epic poems deal with history of a country*a clan.

In the western tradition there are two types of epics

1] Primary

2] Secondary/Literary

1] Primary epics by and large belong to the oral tradition.

 Eg Homers Ilaliad and the Odyssey

2] Secondary or literary epics belong to written form of literature.

Eg  Milton’s  Paradise lost.

2 The Romance is the second source of the modern novel.

The romance was an adventure story usually of love or chivalry and it was written in verse.

Romance is primarily a European form and about characters that live in a courtly world.

The word romance itself is suggestive of the elements of fantasy, improbability and extravaganza, as well as love, adventure and the marvelous and it was written in verse.

However it came to be written in prose.

Cause facilaitating the flourish of novel in 18^th century England.

1.The industrial revolutionhad taken palce andpeople had more time of leisure that could be deicated to reading and writing.

2.

Industrialisation led to tremendous improvement in printing technology, as a result more books/novels could be printed and that too easily.

Genetic Engineering

Fst 01 Topic Discussion on Genetic Engineering by Student Help.

1. Genetic Engineering

·        Need.  To produce large quantities of scarce biologically significant proteins which are not easily available from natural sources.

·        How ? The modern Biotechnology revolution is based on understanding and manipulation of the structure of D.N.A

·        What is D.N.A?

·        D.N.A is a complex organic molecule that directs the synthesis of proteins in all living beings.

·        Controls physical structure,growth,reproduction, function of all living beings.

·        The programme for controlling protein synthesis is coded in the chemical structure of DNA.

·        The foundation of genetic engineering was laid by the discovery, that DNA supplied from outside is accepted by micro-organisms.

·        DNA thus inserted into the cell from a micro-organism, enables the cells to make the proteins specified in the codes of the inserted DNA.

·        These new cells can be cultivated or cloned, until a significant number of cells are available  to produce specific, desired protein molecules.

·        However, this is not so easily done.

·        When a foreign DNA molecule enters a cell, special enzymes, called restriction enzymes, rapidly destroy it.

·        This problem was solved by the discovery of the fact that small rings of DNA other than the main DNA strands exist in the cells of bacteria.

·        These circular DNA molecules are called plasmids.

·        A technique was developed to insert foreign DNA fragments into plasmids taken out of the cells.

·        This is known as gene splicing and plasmid becomes a vehicle or a vector.

·        Once the foreign DNA is joined to the plasmids, and inserted back in the host cell, the restriction enzymes fail to destroy it.

·        When the cell reproduces, the foreign DNA is also replicated.

·        When the cell carries on its normal functions, the synthetic DNA in the plasmid directs the manufacture of the protein coded in it.

·        USES / ADVANTAGES Thus, through genetic engineering techniques, it is possible to introduce a foreign DNA into a host cell and synthesize any desired protein.

·        Large quantities of scarce biologically significant proteins which are not easily available from natural sources can be manufactured in this manner.

·        For example, insulin needed by diabetic patients can now be produced on a large scale using this technique.

·       

·        Just as cattle are bred for specific functions like high milk yield, or pulling heavy loads, now-a-days scientists breed bacteria for carrying out special functions.

·        By selecting suitable bacteria, and using genetic engineering techniques, new variety of bacteria which can eat man-made artificial products like plastics are being developed. Otherwise plastic materials, discarded and thrown in garbage, are hard to get rid off.

·        These special bacteria are affectionately called 'Bugs'.

Applications of Optical Fibres.

Fst 01 FIBRE OPTICS [USES] explanation by Student Help.

Applications of Optical Fibres

1.      Fibre optics finds many applications in areas like medicine and communications .

2.      Viewing inaccessible regions Instruments made of optical fibres, called endoscopes,

are used to see the internal organs of the human body, such as the interior of the stomach, or the bronchial tubes. Inserted into the body, some fibres of the bundle carry light so that the internal organ is lit up. Other fibres are used to return light so that the image of the interior is carried to the observer outside.

3.Endoscopes are often connected to a camera or TV monitor. Since these fibres are very fine, they can be inserted easily in the body.

4.The images are very useful in heart and brain surgery and in diagnosis of some other diseases.

Freeing crowded cableways

1.      The use of optical fibres has been very advantageous in telecommunications. .

2.      Signals of voice, text, computer data or picture transmissions are superimposed on laser beams.

3.      The , modulated laser beams are then guided along optical fibres, to various points where they are received.

4.       At the receiving end, one is able to hear the voice, read the data or see the picture.

5.       The signal carrying capacity of light waves is much greater than that of radio waves or waves along copper wires.

6.       Therefore, the light waves travelling in fibres can carry thousands of different signals. For instance, a pair of glass fibres can carry 1300 telephone calls at the same time, as against 24 for copper wires.

7.      The use of laser beams in optical fibres enables the transmission of signals for thousands of kilometres. Transatlantic undersea fibre-optic cables have been in use for communication between USA and UK. Instead of being broadcast from antennas, TV programme  can now be transmitted through fibre-optic cables.

8.      The cable TV can, thus, make available several channels to the viewer.

9.      Preliminary experiments on the use of fibre-optic technology in India are being done so that we can also take advantage of this technology in the coming years.

10.  Indian research laboratories have already developed the technology of producing the special I glass, drawing fibres from it and giving it a special coating so that internal reflection takes place with a minimum toss.

11. Indian industry is now manufacturing optical fibres.

12. The fibre optics technology has many advantages over the traditional technology.

13.  An optical fibre cable, the size of an ordinary electrical cord, can replace copper cable hundreds of times thicker. Optical fibres are light and sturdy.

14. They are much less expensive than copper wires for the amount of information they carry. Because optical fibres carry light beams, they are free from the disturbances  which are present on the radio due to nearby electric Disturbances.

15.  Fibre-optic communication is also advantageous for military communication because it cannot be "jammed".

16.  There may come a day when optical fibre cables enter many of our houses carrying not only telephone calls but also television programmes, communication from computers and electronic mail sent from person to person.

FIBRE OPTICS

Fst 01 FIBRE OPTICS explanation by Student Help.

1.      FIBRE OPTICS - Fibre optics is the technique of transmitting light waves through glass wires as thin as human hair.

2.      These wires called optical fibres could be made of glass or transparent plastic, quartz, nylon or polystyrene.

3.      Opticalfibres are thin hair-like solid strands that carry light along their length, by a process of multiple total internal reflections.

4.      . In this process the beam of light entering at one end is transmitted along the fibre, without loss of intensity, whether the fibre is straight or bent in a curve.

Laser

 
Fst 01 Topic Discussion on [L.A.S.E.R] by Student Help.
 
1. LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
2.
 
3. The light that lasers produce has several useful properties that make it different from ordinary light. It is because of these properties that laser light can be put to work in a number of ways.
Difference between ordinary light and light from a laser.
Ordinary Light. 1. Light from the Sun or from a lamp, torch in our home is a mixture of many wavelengths.
2.  3. Each wavelength produces a different colour. 4. These colours mix and form ordinary light.
 
5. Colors’ in the sunlight separating out to form a rainbow in the sky after a rainy day proves it.
6.  7. . Light waves from an ordinary source of light are all jumbled up and uncoordinated in their movement.
 
8.  Whereas for Laser. 1. Laser light is made up of waves of the same wavelength. 2. all the waves in a laser beam are organised to proceed exactly in step (in phase) with each other. 3. This property of lasers is called coherence. 4. As a result of coherence, light waves in a laser beam can travel laige distames without spreading apart.
 
5. Because a laser beam does nor spread out, there is a large concentration of energy per unit area on the object on which the laser beam falls.
6.  

Uses Of Laser.

Fst 01 Topic Discussion on [L.A.S.E.R] by Student Help.

LASER uses.

Due to its properties, laser light can be put to a number of uses in industry, medicine, communications etc.

PROPERTIES

1.       Because of the high concentration, of energy, a laser beam can quickly burn tiny holes, a few millimeters wide, even in a strip of steel.

2.       Lasers have an advantage over all other traditional methods of cutting and welding.

3.       Lasers can cut any kind of material. such as paper, plywood, plastic or cloth, as also the hardest of metals, ceramics’ and glass with greater efficiency and accuracy.

4.       Lasers can, thus, make an ideal tool for metal workers, carpenters and tailors, apart from engineers.

Uses

Military Applications.

Another area where the above mentioned properties of lasers are being used with a 'deadly' precision is that of military applications.

 Lasers have been pressed into the service of the global war machine.

 A whole range of laser weaponry has come into being, for use on land, on sea and in space. X-ray lasers that can carry enormous energy have been developed.

Efforts are on to install deadly laser weapons in satellites.

 The same technology could be used to destroy factories, forests, farms and habitation.

 It is certainly a matter of concern, to see so much human effort and wealth being used to turn the laser technology into an instrument for mankind's destruction.

 Every effort should be made to stop this misuse of technology.

Healing Touch of Lasers

 Contrast the above application of lasers with their uses in medicine where the laser is working wonders.

A laser can be applied with almost perfect precision in surgery.

It can burn away diseased tissue without damaging the healthy tissue nearby.

The tissues are cut neatly and without  any oozing of blood, and they can also be joined together.

Lasers are completely sterile, because bacteria cannot survive exposure to a laser beam.

Today, lasers are routinely used in eye surgery to treat detached retinas and to destroy abnormal blood vessels that form in the retinas of diabetic patients.

 Earlier these diseases would result in blindness. For such patients, laser is indeed a "miracle light".

 Lasers have become standard equipment for ear, -. eye and other delicate forms of surgery.

From removing brain tumours, to stopping bleeding from ulcers, and treating cancer of the bladder, lasers find a wide use in medicine.

Communications

Lasers have also become an important means of long distance communication.

 Travelling through hair-like. glass fibres, laser light can be made to carry thousands of times more  information than electric signals in conventional copper wire.

Thousands of telephone calls can be transmitted on a single fibre.

Other Uses

1.       Lasers may be used to measure the distance of objects like the moon from the earth. Here, i time taken for a laser beam to reach the moon and be reflected back to the earth is measured.

2.       Light travels at the speed of 3 x 100000 km per second. Thus, the distance can be found from the simple formula : distance = speed x time.

3.       Among other things, scientists use lasers to monitor small traces of chemicals polluting the-atmosphere because these molecules disturb the passage of the beam and thereby reveal themselves.

4.        Efforts are being made to transmit power by means of laser beams.

5.       Laser beams are used to etch music and video pictures on records which look like ordinary gramophone records. Such records can be played back by a laser beam and, thus, they never wear out.

6.       Holograms of various objects are life-like three dimensional images created by laser beams.

Thus, you see that lasers can be put to endless uses for the benefit of human beings. These uses seem to be limited only by the imagination of the scientists and engineers. And the best is yet to come.

Write the major factors which were responsible for the decline of June-2011,

Write the major factors which were responsible for the decline of June-2011, 

Ans.The major factor due to which Bronze Age declined was the stagnation of civilisation as well as science. In Bronze Age, the great Bronze Age Civilisation developments in production methods that came cities lasted only for few centuries. The initial burst of technical advancement was followed by a long period of stagnation. Cities arose and fell one dynasty of priest-kings overthrew another.But there was  no change in the pattern of production. It remained based on agriculture, supplemented by trade with other cultures. This, probably happened because in this process the social organisation had also changed. In the primitive human society no special groups existed, whereas there now came into being different strata in the society. In the origin of agriculture and civilisation, there arose a divison between those who produced and those who appropriated the produce. This also meant a division between the thinkers and the doers between theory and practice. This led to stagnation in science. Eventually, the social structure became exploitative: Peasants and urban craftsmen become poorer, many of them ending up as slaves later on. The emergence of two distinct classes, the haves and the have-nots , in the society, led to conflicts between them. This weakened the city states and ultimately put a stop to their intellectual and technical progress Increasing population and continuous barbarian invasions also brought tremendous pressure on these city cultures. They had to expand territorially to occupy more available land, in order to feed the population. They also had to raise armies and fortifications to defend themselves. Even in the Indus Valley, which was a non-violent culture, fortifications were raised in the later days. Fortifications, walls and other instruments of violence such as catapults and moving towers required the application of mechanics. As wars became a part of life, a new group of professionals came into being. They were the persons who invented and made new machines and built defensive and offensive structures. They may have been the forerunners of the engineers of today. When civilisation stagnated near the rivers, its influence was spreading wider and wider. An impressive and valuable stock of knowledge was handed on to the succeeding generations.

What were the different methods of production used by primitive society and the Bronze Age Civilisation?

What were the different methods of production used by primitive society and the Bronze Age Civilisation?

 Ans. Different methods of production used by primitive society and the Bronze Age Civilisation :

• Agriculture was done in Bronze Age to produce crops for food.
• Tools were produced from metals like copper : Goods and passengers were transported with the help of carts and oxes. .
• Houses were made up of bricks which were produced during Bronze Age Civilisation.
•  Medicines were produced in the Bronze Age.

02, What factors led to the formation of two distinct social groups in the Bronze Age societies? What was the difference between these two groups?

02, What factors led to the formation of two distinct social groups in the Bronze Age societies? What was the difference between these two groups?

Ans. In the Bronze Age agriculture was done by the people of the society in the early period The people produce so much that fulfill their daily requirements, but due to increase in production the surplus or whatever was left of food production, after the consumption or need of the society were met came to he appropriated by a small group of administrators They became priest and form an exclusive group. The successors of the original administrators gradually lost, touch with agricultural techniques as well as with knowledge of production of other articles.

 They developed the idea that they are divine powers .Thus; the society was divided into two exclusive class of producers and appropriators. The difference between these two groups was that the producers produced food only to fulfill their daily requirements and they do not have any knowledge about other things whereas the appropriators have every latest knowledge and techniques about agriculture.

List the socio-economic needs that led to the advances in techniques in the early phase of the growth of cities.

List the socio-economic needs that led to the advances in techniques in the early phase of the growth of cities.

Ans. The transition from the primitive society to an agricultural based society was brought about by a change in the method of production, cities me into existence the socio-economic needs have more times led to the Advances  in science and techniques The need for having better tools for agriculture, houses for shelter pottery for storage. Carts and boats for transport and trade, planned layout in growing cities. Led to the advances in techniques.

History of Science.

·       History of Science AN OVERVIEW.

·       The history of science is the study of the historical development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. Science is not merely a collection of facts, concepts and useful ideas bout nature or even the systematic investigation of nature but it is used to fulfill the domestic as well as personal needs of human beings .

·       The historical epochs by the corresponding principal means of production are Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.

·       Since the perception of human needs varies in different societies, science will grow differently in different social conditions.

·       For instance, the village communities of the past were elf-contained, life was leisurely, regulated by the sunrise, sunset and the seasons.

·       The need for railways, automobiles, telephones, etc. did not arise.

·       Conversely, the application of science changes society. We also find that sometimes in history, conditions have been favourable for the growth of science and its application in a particular society.

·        

BEGE-108 JUNE 2019 Question Paper.

BEGE-108 JUNE 2019 Question Paper.

 Time: 3 hours

Note: Question no. 1 is compulsory.

 Attempt any five questions.

 All questions carry equal marks.

1. Write short notes on any two of the following: 2x10-20

 (a) Types of Plot

 (b) Types of Characters

(c) New Areas of Novel Writing

(d) Methods of Characterisation

 2. Discuss The Awakening as a feminist text. 20

 3. Analyse critically Dicken's representation of the French Revolution on the basis of your reading of A Tale of Two Cities. 20

4. Explain the specific features that make Things Fall Apart a modern classic. 20

5. Write a detailed note on the notion of patriarchy as one of the major themes in the novel Sunlight on A Broken Column.20

 6. Examine Paraja as a novel translated into English.20

 7. Does the novel have a future in the age of technology? 20