Write the major factors which were responsible for the decline of June-2011,

Write the major factors which were responsible for the decline of June-2011, 

Ans.The major factor due to which Bronze Age declined was the stagnation of civilisation as well as science. In Bronze Age, the great Bronze Age Civilisation developments in production methods that came cities lasted only for few centuries. The initial burst of technical advancement was followed by a long period of stagnation. Cities arose and fell one dynasty of priest-kings overthrew another.But there was  no change in the pattern of production. It remained based on agriculture, supplemented by trade with other cultures. This, probably happened because in this process the social organisation had also changed. In the primitive human society no special groups existed, whereas there now came into being different strata in the society. In the origin of agriculture and civilisation, there arose a divison between those who produced and those who appropriated the produce. This also meant a division between the thinkers and the doers between theory and practice. This led to stagnation in science. Eventually, the social structure became exploitative: Peasants and urban craftsmen become poorer, many of them ending up as slaves later on. The emergence of two distinct classes, the haves and the have-nots , in the society, led to conflicts between them. This weakened the city states and ultimately put a stop to their intellectual and technical progress Increasing population and continuous barbarian invasions also brought tremendous pressure on these city cultures. They had to expand territorially to occupy more available land, in order to feed the population. They also had to raise armies and fortifications to defend themselves. Even in the Indus Valley, which was a non-violent culture, fortifications were raised in the later days. Fortifications, walls and other instruments of violence such as catapults and moving towers required the application of mechanics. As wars became a part of life, a new group of professionals came into being. They were the persons who invented and made new machines and built defensive and offensive structures. They may have been the forerunners of the engineers of today. When civilisation stagnated near the rivers, its influence was spreading wider and wider. An impressive and valuable stock of knowledge was handed on to the succeeding generations.